Raising Many Types of Livestock - Hints and Highlights
If you happen to be raising any type of livestock (beef, pork, rabbits, poultry etc.) on your property and would like to learn some other possible ideas which can help you master their health and vitality, check out these ideas offered by the masters at Mother Earth News at these links.
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/1/#inbox/FMfcgxwGCbGrTGwkBnpPrkPbSTrqMwpr
Comments
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@kjrobinson54 You will have to give a non-email link, as this didn't go directly to the article that you intended. Thanks!
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@Laurie yes this is the correct link to the Mother Earth News email account covering this topic. Scroll down and on the that page you will see 10 different links all to links which will take you to different articles. Pick and choose which articles you are interested in and click their link so you can read the info which is covered in each article.
Hope that helps.
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@kjrobinson54 When I clicked on the link, it opened my email, but not a page on the Mother Earth News website. I find that when something like that happens to a link that I have posted somewhere, that I need to find the webpage independent of my email link for others to be able to view it.
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Well I just labeled a list with the title and gave each independent link for each article and when I hit Post comment the whole thing disappeared so that's not going to work either. So the only thing I know which is left is I will give you the title of each article and if you let me know if there is any you would like to read I will just give you the URL to that page.
Sorry this has become such a problem but it was mentioned to me yesterday by Support that they are having major problems with some accounts and some types of "sharing" capabilities. It seems I just happen to be one of those accounts according to them.
Here's the titles...
- The best grass for grass fed animals
- Feeding beef cattle: Tips for a healthy pasture-raised diet
- The amazing benefits of grass fed beef
- How to raise pastured pigs without buying feed
- Is pasture grass the solution for methane from cows
- experiment with forage options for grass fed pigs
- Raising grass fed beef
- Raising meat rabbits on pasture
- Is grass fed the best option for dairy cows
- Small scale silage production for chicken feed
Just let me know if you would like to read anything and I will send you the URL to that page.
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I can find each article if I search each on MEN. I will spread these links over a couple of posts for the ease of others.
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Okay now, for the last five...
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I enjoy Mother Earth News & I really appreciate Storey books. Thank you for posting the links.
I browsed some of these articles. Most had good information. I say most because I did not go over the articles thoroughly, so don't know their full content...and we don't raise rabbits. I can only speak on what I know.
As for beef cattle, the grasses will vary depending on what region you are from (north, south, east, west, hemisphere, altitude). What grasses the cattle thrive on also depends on the breed. Galloway, Longhorns and Luing (said as "ling"), and most likely Scottish Highland, get fat on the poorest of forages that most cattle would lose weight on and can forage very well on pasture even in the coldest winters. We have observed that the Luing dig through the snow with muzzle & hooves much like bison. They are fascinating for that & other reasons. The type of feeds for dairy is much different, as stated, but they are specialized breeds with different needs than those producing meat. It is much like horses. All have different needs depending on type.
As far as grains needed for dairy, they are spot on. We also have jerseys and had a milking shorthorn until just recently. Less grain = less cream...and flavor. The grains chosen are also important. Rolled (has to be rolled to prevent bloat) barley gives the best & most cream. Oats will give nothing.
You bet they are right that an untrained eye will think dairy are skinny. I don't know how many times we have heard that from people over the years. Even an inspector came by one day, and he commented how skinny our cows were (he, admittedly, knew nothing about dairy cows & was...and still is...a city boy). That made me mad. Here is an inspector and he writes official opinions on record, and he doesn't know the animals? That's just so messed up. I grew up with cows, so know what to look for/at. We had just been talking the day before about how well conditioned...even fat (you look elsewhere, ribs don't tell the full story)...our cows had become. The hay was plentiful and rich, & the mineral/salt block was readily available, and the rich milk was flowing like crazy.
For some folks, all it takes to convince them that a Jersey is healthy is to tell them to look on the other side. Those who have jerseys will understand. They look at ribs and the big belly. Haha Give the cows water and they can look round. All that means is they pigged out on water. It isn't all in the ribs nor the side of belly you see. Condition is seen in other body parts. Education is important.
As far as feeding cows grasses instead of silage, corn or soy, of course it will cut down on their farts. My goodness. This always gets to me. When we eat properly for our bodies, our body digests properly too...so, less gas.
I was surprised just last week, when on the news, they "figured out" a new way to reduce the cows' methane production to save the earth (!!!)...and it wasn't the obvious solution of pasture. 🤦♀️ That is getting so old. They usually show pastured cows too, and not the livestock yard ones that are fed the silage (which makes manure reek) and other junk. Precious dogs (most fed "balanced" commercial dog food, but yet not proper meat & bones), precious horses (they are gassy no matter what, lol) & most people give off more than properly fed cows, I think commercial pigs could rate as gassy too now with what they are fed, but I guess that they overlook that.
I wonder about the silage for chickens idea. It might be cheaper, but is it really a good idea? Cows and pigs fed silage makes for horrible smelling manure. It isn't pleasant as naturally fed. Often it is corn silage, but can be other. I am not convinced that it is a good practice. I am not a fan of using plastics either if they can be avoided, and they are needed in this process. All types of plastics off gas and break down, some just slower than others. There are truly no safe types made.
Now soaking/fermenting grains certainly works for chickens & pigs, and growing live grasses for them through the winter is beneficial, as well as supplementing with high protein (growing bugs for them, etc).
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@Laurie you did a fantastic job of itemizing all of these for others. Wonder why when I did this I lost them all.
Who knows???
But I appreciate the work you did and I absolutely love your follow up comments. Heck you are obviously experienced and it would be wonderful if they would just contact you for some follow-up on their articles.
Thanks for your help.
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@kjrobinson54 Thanks! I have no idea why it worked for me & not for you. Technology is not always cooperative on my end either.
Aw, I am blushing. Thanks for the compliment. Yes, I have some experience, and I absolutely love farm life, & learning the wisdom of ages past and keeping it alive...and writing! Sometimes I roll my eyes or shake my head at internet farm wisdom from self proclaimed online "experts," but I am still learning, much as I hope the e-experts are learning, writing from an experienced perspective, and not just writing inexperienced words to fill a deadline. Learning new things and assessing what you already know...that should never end. A person can't be an expert in everything, but they can still pursue knowledge, hopefully leading to wisdom.
I would love to write for somewhere, but pay for most articles is far too low, in my opinion, for it to be worth my time (so I post for free here & elsewhere instead...😂...ironic, isn't it?). I would also prefer writing when I have time (here & there), and not have to meet regular deadlines. Real life...having animals, (homeschooling) many kids, and taking the time to make cook-from-scratch real meals, kind of takes first priority over a deadline. I often wonder how these folks can write, blog or vlog so much, yet still get farm work, etc. done. I have too little time already to maintain that sort of thing, let alone an online presence like that. Sometimes I wonder if I should, then I think, na... I just don't know. Maybe? I would rather be independent if I did so.
What is your experience? Learning from others is why we all meet here. If you have questions that I can contribute a possible answer to, ask away. I am always glad to help others. If you have something to teach others, I would love to learn more.
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@Laurie just for your information I am usually posting as greyfurball on this site but seems there has been some problem on their end so I had to relinquish my greyfurball title and they are using my email address instead.
So as I know you quite frequently post here on this site I am sure you must recognize the greyfurball name also. They are still working to see if they can figure out the problem so hopefully some day I will be able to get back to my greyfurball username instead.
As for your writing I know pay scales are low but have you ever thought of just free lancing and send some of your work that way. I can think of a couple of places I am familiar with that might be willing to accept your work. Won't guarantee you'll get paid for it but maybe if you would just get a name/presence built up first you might be able to get in an "open door" somewhere eventually.
I'm one I wholeheartedly agree this internet is full of "junk news" from people who have no clue what they are writing about. So when I find a place that actually can and does have some knowledge about their topic it is a breath of fresh air on this machine.
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@kjrobinson54 Bahaha! Thanks for clearing that up. I had no idea of course. Hopefully you get hour rightful name back.
Internet junk...it keeps us sharp.
I have looked into the freelancing some. I am always considering it, but just haven't felt right about diving into any particular place yet. I almost feel that before that was done, that my own internet space should be set up first so that referrals can be posted back toward my space and then build an exclusive following. I keep reading about passive income, and writing can become that as different people read the same article over time. I just don't understand how that translates to money if on your own site (click on links/selling products)?
I have also read, and there seems to be quite a push right now, that online courses are big sellers, very popular. BUT, in order to do so, supposedly you need to take these high cost courses to know how to do it effectively first to make one that makes money. I can make courses for people that I can see, but nobody here is interested.
I have a million & one ideas what I could do...but nothing quite seems like the best fit. To be honest, I am a bit intimidated as well.
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Does anyone know anything about natural things that will worm goats?
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I posted something about worming colts using broadleaf plantain that should be fully safe & work equally as well for goats. Chances are, being that goats are a bit smaller than these guys were at the time, you should be able to feed less, but for the same length of time.
Here is the link: my post is the 7th. Ah...it looks like what you need pops up in the preview, so no need to scoot over there, I guess.
We did this daily for 2 weeks. These colts were very wormy. You know when they are done when they don't prefer it over anything else and there is no more evidence of worms in their poop...although with goats, they may just keep eating it. Haha
Vet Doc Jones should have something about this on his forum, homegrownherbalist.net. It is a very slow forum, but he gives good advice.
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@RHV I will post a new thread on deworming.
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@Laurie love Mother Earth news also. Been with them since day one when the shuttleworths started it all. Back when I was a young lad. Vast amount of information they have provided. Now you can get all that info on a thumb drive. They can provide you with a variety of ideas to try on your homestead.
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Then I guess this is not going to work because the page it is leading to is a compilation of ten different articles each about a different story.
So what I will do is click on each link and get the URL for each that way and then you can pick and choose the article you want.
- Best grass for grass-fed animals: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/livestock/grass-fed-ze0z1611zfol?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Feeding beef cattle best tips for a healthy diet: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/raising-cattle/feeding-beef-cattle-healthy-diet?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Benefits of grass-fed beef: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/grass-fed-beef-zmaz09amzraw?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Raise Pastured Pigs Without Buying Feed: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/raise-pastured-pigs-zbcz1305?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Is Pasture Grass The Solution To Methane : https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/raising-cattle/pasture-grass-methane-from-cows-zmaz10djzraw?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Forage Options For Pastured Pigs: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/experimenting-with-forage-options-for-pastured-pigs-zbcz1707?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Raising Grass Fed Beef: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/raising-grass-fed-beef-zmaz80mjzraw?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Raising Meat Rabbits On Pasture: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/rabbits-on-pasture-intensive-grazing-with-bunnies-zbcz1504?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Is Grass Fed The Best Option For Dairy Cows: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/is-grass-fed-the-best-for-dairy-cows-zbcz1504?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Small Scale Silage Production For Poultry: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/small-scale-silage-production-for-chicken-feed?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
When there's a will there's always a way so hope this helps.
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Then I guess this is not going to work because the page it is leading to is a compilation of ten different articles each about a different story.
So what I will do is click on each link and get the URL for each that way and then you can pick and choose the article you want.
- Best grass for grass-fed animals: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/livestock/grass-fed-ze0z1611zfol?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Feeding beef cattle best tips for a healthy diet: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/raising-cattle/feeding-beef-cattle-healthy-diet?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Benefits of grass-fed beef: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/grass-fed-beef-zmaz09amzraw?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Raise Pastured Pigs Without Buying Feed: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/raise-pastured-pigs-zbcz1305?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Is Pasture Grass The Solution To Methane : https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/raising-cattle/pasture-grass-methane-from-cows-zmaz10djzraw?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Forage Options For Pastured Pigs: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/experimenting-with-forage-options-for-pastured-pigs-zbcz1707?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Raising Grass Fed Beef: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/raising-grass-fed-beef-zmaz80mjzraw?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Raising Meat Rabbits On Pasture: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/rabbits-on-pasture-intensive-grazing-with-bunnies-zbcz1504?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Is Grass Fed The Best Option For Dairy Cows: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/is-grass-fed-the-best-for-dairy-cows-zbcz1504?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
- Small Scale Silage Production For Poultry: https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/small-scale-silage-production-for-chicken-feed?utm_source=wcemail&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MEN%20SLCS%20eNews%201.02.2020&utm_term=MEN_SLCS_eNewsAll%20Subscribers&_wcsid=F49F96C421C01E65EEE4A59671E48F6B5E0A1B2D866E6BFF
When there's a will there's always a way so hope this helps.
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LaurieLovesLearning "I can make courses for people that I can see, but nobody here is interested."
What type of courses? I am assuming from the above comment, you are referring to in person and that the people in your immediate area are the ones not interested.
In our little village during the school year (normally) there are some quick short adult learning courses offered at our local elementary school in the evenings a couple nights a week. Not necessarily every week and some classes are one night and others may cover a single night each week for up to 4 or 6 weeks. Some even a couple nights a week for a few weeks.
We have taken classes their on root cellars, solar power, hand spinning wool on a drop spindle (which started from raw wool and went through building a drop spindle, dying the wool through spinning the wool into usable yarn.) I even took a canning course there. My husband and I even took a class on rocket stoves one night. Might be and idea to look into. Most of these were done through our local cooperative extension office. But some were not, some were just local folks with the know how that were willing to teach a class for a small fee.
Depending on the type of class, maybe even something by email or video emails. Folks could pay you ahead of time and then you send out the emails to everyone who pre-paid. Could include videos so they can see what you are doing.
Good luck with whatever you decide to try if anything. Let us know so we can join if it is a subject we are interested in.
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The classes that I was talking about specifically were bread & also basic cheese making classes, and yes, they were designed for hands on, in person.
Other ideas that I have had often can't be pursued by me (generally because of lack of funds) but give it a year or two, and I see it being done. That is super frustrating. How can they read my mind? I often wondered if thinking up ideas for someone else could actually make me money. Haha
I find that most local people are too busy or too cheap to pay to learn and the health care system is very adept at squashing people's unique class offerings & then turn around & offer the same themselves for free, even using materials illegally (without permission/violating copyrights & without payments to the parent company for material use) at times. The local rec district seems to mainly focus on yoga & associated practices now instead of other things, so they are no longer of much help. A local community college offers some classes, but pays temporary instructors only $20/ hour instead of letting the instructor charge by the student. The college charges the student money (per the student) and keeps the majority. It is not a fair contract. You might as well teach for free. There are a lot of things to watch out for.
Offering classes through videos or by email is an interesting thought. I will have to think on that. I am not very photogenic and my kitchen is full & tiny & far from photogenic too. Video & editing alao scares me a bit, to be honest.
This would be a future consideration, as at the moment somehow I have become quite busy with other things.
Thanks for the ideas & encouragement.
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@LaurieLovesLearning I personally think a full kitchen indicates a awesome cook. So says me who has a very large kitchen that still does not have cleared counters. Seems that I need to have things readily available...
Too many pets, herbs, houseplants and too many interests and projects for a pristine home (plus I don't enjoy housework.)
Back to the subject at hand:
The colleges justify their fees to cover the classroom with utilities. (I was involved with a professional society and found that the local community college would not let us use their room unless we had $1Million dollar liability insurance. We continued to meet in restaurants.)
For TGN class possibility: A video explaining/showing how to tell a healthy farm animal and maybe a healthy feed overview. I will never have the space or sensitivity to raise food animals, yet would find those videos interesting. @Marjory Wildcraft
I am wondering how many people will decide they like to homeschool and continue to do so after our lives go back to normal. Perhaps you could start a modest homeschooling blog where you wouldn't be able to charge a lot but could utilize your experience and previous lesson plans to earn a little money.
On-hand kitchen skills like cheese making might work in a tent at a county fair like event. Producing a video on these subjects would compete with free videos.
As a jewelry maker I have learned one thing: people do not want to pay individuals for anything, despite originality or difficulty. They are more comfortable making purchases through retailers. We are brainwashed from a young age to trust institutions, not people.
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Hi @shllnzl gosh, we have so much info on raising healthy livestock! Uh, in the Honors Lab there is raising chickens for eggs, rabbits, goats, and soon sheep... At every home grown food summit we cover topics related to livestock too... There there is a bunch of blog posts...
Am I missing something on your request here?
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@Marjory Wildcraft One of @LaurieLovesLearning posts, she described confusion that some people have regarding what is a normal healthy look for a farm animal. Her example was a city bred inspector's concern over the apparent thinness of a dairy cow. Laurie went on to describe how a cow can be healthy in a thin condition.... I just thought that it was interesting that a dairy cow would be sleek versus beefy for a meat cow, etc. It sounds basic, yet for me, a City person always interested in other living creatures, it sparked some interest.
I know you have provided tons of information on how to feed, slaughter and more. Maybe it is just the latent farm girl in me (one totally not suited tempermentally for the slaughtering end.) It is probably too basic for your network, yet I am totally interested in the varieties of chickens, ducks, and more. (I enjoyed the recent chicken breed chart in the forum, for example.)
I will have to break down and get some books to bring my basic animal husbandry knowledge up to the rest of you. Thanks for reminding me of your resources.
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OK @shllnzl and @LaurieLovesLearning I might have jumped in too soon with that response...
WQhew, lots going on these days, huh?
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@shllnzl The differences between beef & dairy cattle & the differences between egg & meat breeds of chicken (or duck) indicates their best suited purpose, although with birds, it can overlap moreso than cattle. Cattle are usually pretty straight forward.
With cattle, the energy either goes into producing meat (beef) or larger amounts of milk (dairy), although you can still get a little meat from dairy and a little milk from beef. The muscle structure & fat placement will be different & milk composition vary as well.
I did once meet a young (big city) woman who thought all horned cattle were bulls. Being a country girl, I took the time to explain the special parts and purposes. By the time we were done, she understood the terms, bull, cow, steer & heifer and indicators.
I figured that I had better teach her before some rancher had too much fun with it. We were in Wyoming ranch country at the time helping do some pasture work with cattle following us around.
I am happy to help others learn. We are all at different levels and have different levels of experience. Anytime you have questions, @shllnzl, don't hesitate to ask. You won't be the only one who wonders.
@Marjory Wildcraft Haha. I agree...there is just so much going on..
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@Marjory Wildcraft @LaurieLovesLearning It's a good thing we have each other to stay informed and amused. I am somewhat ahead of your city girl, at least I can tell girls from boys! Growing up in Wisconsin, I was taught about cow stomachs and cheese while in elementary school. (Yes, they did require that. This was in the days when you had to drive to Illinois to buy white margarine and break the food dye capsule to massage the color to make your margarine yellow.)
I am gladly gaining knowledge while a member of TGN. Thanks to all for sharing with me.
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